Vocal music and pedagogy of Chinese, African, and Indian genres

China, Africa, and India have long vocal traditions dating back hundreds and even thousands of years. Supporting the vocal music of these countries and continents are pedagogical systems which are as much a part of the unique musical and cultural heritage of each location as the vocal music they serve. In many African countries and in China, the languages are tonal languages, each of which has wielded a strong influence upon the character of the country's vocal music. This chapter examines the vocal music and vocal instruction of each country/continent, and also provides a description of current trends in vocal pedagogy. In particular, the influence of Western society and technology are discussed. Some countries, such as China, have undertaken government-led programs to preserve and promote earlier forms of music-making, while others have adapted to technological advancements by using new means to teach older traditions. Copyright © 2014 Oxford University Press.