Two vocabulary learning tools used by Iranian EFL learners: Physical flashcards versus a mobile app

With the help of technology and the Internet, foreign language students can learn vocabulary more conveniently than ever before. Meanwhile, increasing attention is being paid to mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). In this regard, the current study compared the effectiveness of digital flashcards in the form of an app and conventional paper flashcards. This study was based on a quasi-experimental design, and participants were recruited via convenience sampling. A total of 34 participants took part in the study. There were two groups of students, the experimental group that learned through mobile devices and the control group that learned through paper flashcards. There was a significant improvement in L2 vocabulary learning with digital and non-digital flashcards, but the Anki app was more effective. Moreover, ten students took part in the qualitative portion of the research to explore the merits and disadvantages of either types of vocabulary learning tools presented in this study through semi-structured interviews. This study implemented a mixed-method design. Based on the findings of the present study, paper flashcards shouldn't be dismissed altogether by learners and teachers. This is because they reduce screen time and distractions as well as stimulate muscle memory while learning. In addition, students can control their repetition cycles, physically manipulate them as they wish, and take control over how much information they repeat. Copyright © 2023 The Pacific Association for Computer Assisted Language Learning (PacCALL). All rights reserved.