Towards a tripartite research agenda: A scoping review of artificial intelligence in education research

This paper reports on a scoping review of research studies on artificial intelligence in education (AIED) published over the last two decades (2001–2021). A wide range of manuscripts were yielded from the education and educational research category of the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database, and papers from an AIED-specialised journal were also included. 135 of those meeting the selection criteria were analysed with content analysis and categorical meta-trends analysis. Three distinctive and superordinate AIED research agenda were identified: Learning from AI, Learning about AI, and Learning with AI. By portraying the current status of AIED research and depicting its tripartite research agenda, gaps and possible directions were discussed. This paper serves as a blueprint for AIED researchers to position their up-and-coming AIED studies for the next decade. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.