Susceptibility to peer relationship problems: Does sociability play a role?

The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variant rs53576 has been linked to social and emotional behavior. Individuals carrying the G allele (AG/GG) have been found to exhibit higher levels of sociability compared to those homozygous for the A allele. However, some studies have shown sex differences in this association. This study aimed to examine the overall and sex-specific relationship between OXTR rs53576 polymorphism and peer relationship problems in Chinese children. A total of 28 Chinese children (13 boys and 15 girls) between the ages of 6 and 13 years were recruited for this study. The mothers of these children completed the peer relationship problem subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires. Furthermore, buccal swab samples were collected from the child participants and genotyped for OXTR rs53576. Children carrying the G allele (AG/GG) of rs53576 exhibited more peer relationship problems compared to those who were AA homozygotes (Cohen’s d = .90, p = .024). Significant sex differences were detected in the association between OXTR rs53576 polymorphism and peer relationship problems (F(1,23) = 6.00, p = .022), with a more pronounced association observed in boys (β = .90, p =.022). Sociable children, particularly boys, may have heightened sensitivity to both positive and negative aspects of social interactions. It is important to teach them essential social skills and qualities, such as kindness and respect for others, from a young age. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Academy of Pediatric Neuropsychology.