Students’ orientations to protest activities across five East Asian societies: Implications for international citizenship studies

This article investigates East Asian adolescents’ intentions to take part in future protest activities as one part of their participation in society. The study draws on data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) but uses an alternative approach to data analysis—person-centered analysis. Reference is made to international comparative studies of citizenship education and links are made to East Asian students’ conceptions of active citizenship in the form of protest activities. Implications for citizenship teaching and learning and its assessment are discussed.