Sex differences in epidemiology and risk factors of acute coronary syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A long-term prospective cohort study

Jian Gang DUAN, Xiang Yan CHEN, Li WANG, Alex LAU, Adrian WONG, Graham Neil THOMAS, Brian T. TOMLINSON, Roxanna LIU, Chung Ngor Juliana CHAN, Wai Hong Thomas LEUNG, Chung Tong Vincent MOK, Ka Sing Lawrence WONG

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Abstract

Objective: Diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at higher risk of poor outcome than are non-diabetic patients with ACS. Few studies have focused on sex-related ACS incidence, ACS-related mortality or risk factors to affects sex specific ACS in Chinese with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on a hospital-based cohort of Chinese patients with T2DM, we aimed to investigate whether there was sex difference in ACS or ACSrelated mortality or risk factors of ACS. Methods: Totally 2,135 Hong Kong Chinese with T2DM were recruited during 1994-1996 and followed up until August 2012. We systematically analyzed sex-related ACS incidence and ACSrelated mortality and risk factors with χ2-squared test, descriptive statistics and survival analysis. Results: Regular follow-up was completed in 2,105 subjects (98.6%), with a median period of 14.53 years. The occurrence of ACS was recorded among 414 patients (19.7%) and ACS-related death among 104 patients (4.9%). ACS incidences increased with age in both men and women, and men had a higher prevalence of ACS than women across different age categories and different follow-up periods (log rank χ2=20.32, P<0.001). The transition of ACS incidences from slow to rapid increase were about 5 years earlier in men (at 51-55 years) than in women (55-60 years). Among ACS patients, cumulative ACS-related mortalities was similar between men and women (log rank χ2=0.063, P=0.802). Besides age and albuminuria, different profiles of risk factors accounted for the occurrence of ACS between men and women. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated sex differences in ACS incidence and risk factors, but not in ACS-related mortality in Chinese patients withT2DM. These findings suggest that screening and prevention campaigns should be optimized for men and women, which may help to identify diabetic patients at higher risk of coronary heart disease. Copyright © 2015 Duan et al.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere0122031
JournalPLoS One
Volume10
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2015

Citation

Duan, J. G., Chen, X. Y., Wang, L., Lau, A., Wong, A., Thomas, G. N., et al. (2015, April). Sex differences in epidemiology and risk factors of acute coronary syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A long-term prospective cohort study. PLoS One, 10(4). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122031

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