On generalization and variation theory

The variation theory developed by Marton has quickly become popular as a framework for providing guidance for making learning possible. However, the epistemological assumption behind the theory is often accepted without critical scrutiny. This paper poses an apparent problem of the possible occurrence of learning in the situation of generalization, where one aspect is kept invariant, while other aspects vary. Eventually some of the learners can learn the invariant aspect. However, variation theory entails that the experience of variation in an aspect is necessary for learners to discern that aspect. How then is it possible for the learners in a situation of generalization to fully discern the invariant aspect? Through scrutinizing the epistemological assumption, I hope to foster discussion toward further improvement of the theory. Copyright © 2013 Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research.