Measuring implicit and explicit learning and knowledge

Implicit and explicit second language (L2) learning and the measurement of implicit and explicit L2 knowledge have attracted considerable attention in second language acquisition (SLA) research. This chapter characterizes the processes of implicit and explicit learning and describes the constructs of implicit and explicit knowledge. It then reviews how these learning processes and types of L2 knowledge have been investigated, operationalized, and measured in SLA studies. Next, key challenges, methodological and conceptual, are summarized in the investigation of implicit/explicit learning and the measurement of implicit/explicit knowledge. The chapter concludes with recommendations for researching and assessing implicit/explicit learning and knowledge. Copyright © 2021 Taylor & Francis.