Fundamental movement skills among Filipino children with Down syndrome

Impairments among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) include low muscle tone, decreased strength, poor postural control, and balance. Congenital heart defects and obesity are also common. In order to keep fit and prevent further complications, participation in physical activities is encouraged. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are necessary in sports and physical activity participation. There is a research gap in the area of FMS development among children with DS, particularly for Asian populations. This study aimed to describe FMS among a sample of Filipino children with DS. A descriptive observational study was conducted using a standardized protocol and criterion-referenced assessment procedure. The following variables were investigated: overhand throwing, catching, standing long jump, kicking, and running. Each variable was analyzed in terms of body components. The participants were grouped into three age groups: 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12 years old. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis to test significant differences in the skills ratings of the age groups, with alpha level set at 0.05. The results showed significant differences in the skill components except leg-foot preparation and leg-foot action in kicking, arm preparation in catching, arm action in kicking, and arm preparation in standing long jump. The observed components that did not appear to have significant changes were related to balance and coordination deficits, as well as weakness of the trunk and legs. This may imply that physiotherapists need to address impairments in children with DS, focusing on coordination and balance problems as well as strengthening of trunk and legs. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.