Comparing psychiatric symptom networks between individuals in resilience and non-resilience trajectories of adaptation amid the global pandemic

Objective: The current study compared symptom networks between individuals exhibiting resilience and non-resilience trajectories of adaptation two years after the COVID-19 outbreak. 

Method: A population-representative sample (N = 906) reported symptoms of anxiety and depression in February–July 2020 (T1), March–August 2021 (T2), and September 2021–February 2022 (T3), as well as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AD) at T3. After differentiating between individuals with resilience and non-resilience trajectories using growth mixture modeling, network analyses were conducted to investigate group differences in T3 network symptoms (undirected and directed). 

Results: Despite non-significant group differences (M = 0.184, p = .380; S = 0.096, p = .681), distinctive qualitative characteristics were observed between networks. Difficulty relaxing was identified as the single root cause in the more diffused resilience network, with anxiety and depressive symptoms as additional starting points in the non-resilience network, which was more interconnected into clusters with clear-cut diagnostic boundaries. Sad mood demonstrated a transdiagnostic communicative role across common mental disorders. 

Conclusion: Our results contribute to the understanding of anxiety-depression-PTSD-AD symptom networks in resilient and non-resilient individuals by highlighting the consequences of heterogeneity in adaptation capacity in the development of pandemic-related psychopathology. Copyright © 2025 The Authors.