Artificial Intelligence for enhancing special education for K-12: A decade of trends, themes, and global insights (2013–2023)

This paper provided a review of 210 studies on AI-enhanced special education from 2013 to 2023. Through bibliometric analysis, this review aimed to explore trends, focus areas, developments, and evolving themes of the field of AI for enhancing special education. Several noteworthy findings emerged from our analysis. The trend analysis of publications and citations revealed distinct phases, including an initial exploratory phase (2013–2016) followed by a period of rapid development (2017–2023). keyword co-occurrence networks and emergent word mapping highlight AI’s transformative potential, especially in autism spectrum disorder interventions and advancements in learning environments. Emerging trends focus on mathematics learning outcomes and educational equity, evolving through phases of understanding AI's support and integrating advanced tools like virtual reality and educational robots. Topic clustering analysis revealed categories including cognitive rehabilitation and ethical AI integration, emphasizing personalized instructional environments. Implications for research stress the need to bolster foundational skills and explore innovative teaching methods, including addressing challenges in gamified learning and integrating AI seamlessly. The review reveals a need for larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies to enhance statistical robustness and real-world relevance. In educational practices, using AI tools like apps, robots, and simulations can boost engagement and support social and academic progress. Tailored interventions for specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia and dyscalculia, through intelligent tutoring systems, offer promise for positive learning outcomes. Policymakers are crucial in facilitating technology integration by ensuring comprehensive teacher training, increased funding for tech infrastructure, and strong leadership. Initiatives targeting underserved communities aim to promote equity and access to transformative resources. This study highlights AI’s transformative potential in special education, advocating for inclusive and personalized learning environments with ethical Al solutions to address unique challenges faced by special needs students. Copyright © 2024 International Artificial Intelligence in Education Society.