Achievement motivation: From the perspective of learned hopelessness

This article gives a brief introduction of learned hopelessness with special emphasis on how the hopelessness theory of depression is developed (Abramson et al., 1989) and its application to studies of learned hopelessness in achievement domains. Within the theoretical framework, the concepts of attributional styles, causal attributions, learned hopelessness, and hopelessness deficits are discussed. The research problems in conceptual and assessment issues, particularly on learned hopelessness and attributional styles are highlighted. Copyright © 1995 香港中文大學教育學院.