A review of transfer of training studies in the past decade

This article reviews some major studies that were conducted in the past decade (1989-1998) on the transfer of what employees learned from training programmes back to their jobs. A conceptual framework is developed for this article to better present the "popular" constructs that have been tested empirically. The achievement is twofold. First, this review paper highlights that some individual, motivational and environmental factors are related to transfer of training. Second, some directions for further studies have been suggested. For example, longitudinal study was highly recommended for measuring transfer outcomes. Some new individual (e.g. achievement striving), motivational (e.g. trainee-control-over-training) and environmental (e.g. transfer climate) constructs are recommended to be incorporated in newly created models. These models can then be examined using structural equation modelling. After extensive testing and refinement of these models, a set of critical constructs can be distilled. By that time, convergence of research efforts focusing on major themes can be achieved. Copyright © 2001 MCB University Press.