香港全港性基本能力評估（TSA）的操練：囚徒困局的視角

新考試對學子構成重大壓力，這在亞洲地區尤為明顯。近年，這種現象延伸至一些沒有影響升學的測試，情況值得關注。本文嘗試以囚徒困局的概念，分析香港學校重視全港性系統評估的現況，並解說打破困局的難處。本文首先檢視學者以囚徒困局解釋考試壓力現況；接着，分析全港性系統評估困局的情況，並應用囚徒困局詮釋該情況；最後，探討嘗試打破困局的方法。筆者認為，打破困局的方法不外兩方面︰一為提高個人的理性水平，二為改變制度內的收益。然而，改變制度內的收益雖可改變現行制度的困局，但制度卻很可能使學校落入另一個囚徒困局。
Students, especially those in Asian regions, are suffering from enormous examination pressure. Recently, this phenomenon extends to examinations not relating to admission for higher studies. This article aims to analyze, from the perspective of the prisoner's dilemma, the situation of Hong Kong schools that putting much emphasis on Territory-wide System Assessment (TSA). First, this article reviews the interpretations of schools on examination pressure. Then, it analyzes the situation of TSA in Hong Kong with the conception of the prisoner's dilemma. Finally, it suggests ways to face the dilemma. The author suggests that there may be two approaches to break the dilemma: one is to enhance the rational level of individuals and the other is to change the payoffs of the system. Nevertheless, revising payoffs of the system can change the present situation or the dilemma of the present system, while the new payoff system may cause another dilemma for schools. Copyright © 2015 香港中文大學香港教育研究所.