金融危機後的東亞 "生產主義福利體制" ：基於我國香港和澳門地區的個案研究

在全球金融危機下，不同社會經濟背景的人都有相似的境遇。為應對1997至1998年的亞洲金融危機,香港和澳門特區政府推出了溫和的社會保障措施以幫助失業和貧窮人士。在經歷亞洲金融危機和全球金融危機所帶來的顯著經濟、社會變化之後，香港和澳門居民期望政府提供更多的社會保障。盡管如此，大部分亞洲政府在處理日益復雜的社會保障議題上仍未改變福利供給策略。因此，對於多數人而言，經濟困境不但沒有改變，更由於2008年全球金融危機之前的食品價格危機而雪上加霜。有鑒於此，在過去幾年，香港和澳門政府都推出了多項政策以解決在職貧窮與跨代貧窮問題。但舊有的 "生產主義福利體制" 已難以滿足全球化進程中日益復雜的社會經濟變遷和公民福利期望，應妥善調整福利策略。基於我國香港和澳門地區金融危機後社會福利措施改革的研究，對分析東亞地區社會福利體制變革具有一定的借鑒意義。
Our world is currently experiencing the global economic crisis and this has consequences for people from different socio-economic backgrounds.In coping with the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, governments in Hong Kong and Macau provided moderate forms of social protection packages to help those social groups who were suffering from poverty or unemployment in the post-handover period. With significant social and economic changes taking place in Asia, particularly after experiencing economic downturn in the post-1997 Asian financial crisis and post-2008 global economic crisis, people in Hong Kong and Macau have heightened expectations for welfare provision and social protection packages from their governments. Despite the growing needs for social protection after the Asian financial crisis in 1997, most of the Asian governments have not drastically changed their approaches in handling the increasingly complex social welfare issues. Thus it is not surprising to see many people still suffered from economic hardship, especially in the midst of food price crisis before the current global economic crisis broke out in October 2008. In the past few years, the Hong Kong and Macau governments have proposed a series of policies to target working poverty and intergenerational poverty. The comparative study of the social welfare development of Hong Kong and Macau may offer comparative perspectives in analyzing the social welfare and social policy responses in East Asia. Copyright © 2011 浙江大學學報編輯部.