運動中補充不同飲料對女子馬拉松運動員運動成績和生理機能影響

目的：比較21 km運動中補充碳水化合物─電解質─蛋白質飲料(Carbohydrate-electrolyte-pro-tein solution, CEPS)、碳水化合物─電解質飲料(Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, CES)和不含碳水化合物與蛋白質的飲料(Placebo, PLA)對女性馬拉松運動員運動成績的影響。方法：研究對象為12名女性馬拉松運動員，年齡33.4±2.1歲，BMI 21.10±0.6 kg/m²，最大攝氧量(VO₂max) 48.5±1.9 m L/kg/min。選取CEPS(4%碳水化合物+2%蛋白質)和CES (6%碳水化合物)作為實驗組飲料，兩組飲料總能量匹配；並選取無碳水化合物和蛋白質的PLA作為對照組飲料。採用隨機交叉實驗設計完成3次21 km測試，每次測試間隔不少於28天。每次測試中，首5 km，受試者以其70%VO₂max的速度跑步，其後的16 km，運動員可自由調節速度以最短時間完成。每次運動過程中，每2.5 km給予受試者150 mL指定的飲料 (CEPS、CES或PLA)。每5 km採集血液和氣體樣本，記錄主觀測量指標和運動成績，並監測心率和體核溫度。結果：與PLA相比,運動員攝入CES後跑步時間顯著縮短(97.8±1.6 min vs.102.4±2.4 min，P<0.05)，但CEPS組運動成績 (100.7±2.9 min) 與其他兩組飲料相比差異均無統計學意義 (P>0.05)。CES組血糖高於PLA組 (P<0.05)。CEPS組呼吸交換率高於PLA組 (P<0.05)。三組間體核溫度、乳酸、心率、碳水化合物和脂肪氧化速度、碳水化合物和脂肪氧化總量差異無統計學意義 (P>0.05)。主觀測量指標包括主觀疲勞感評分，腹部舒適度評分和口渴評分在三組飲料間差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論：與不含能量物質的對照組相比，運動中補充6%的含碳水化合物飲料，可以提高女子馬拉松運動員的運動成績，而未發現攝入4%碳水化合物+2%蛋白質飲料在耐力運動中的積極作用。 
Objective To compare the effect of a carbohydrate–electrolyte–protein solution (CEPS, 2% protein plus 4% carbohydrate), carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (CES, 6% carbohydrate), and non-caloric sweetened placebo (PLA) on 21 km running performance of female recreational marathon runners. Methods In a randomized cross-over design, 12 female recreational marathon runners (age: 33.4± 2.1 years, body mass index: 21.10 ± 0.6 kg/m², and maximal oxygen consumption: 48.5 ± 1.9 mL/kg/min) performed a 21 km time trial (TT) run on three occasions separated by at least 28 days. Duringthe first 5 km, participants ran on the treadmill with 70% VO₂max. Thereafter, the participants ran at whatever speed they wished for the remaining 16 km of the performance run. In each main trial, participants ingested the CEPS, CES, or PLA at a rate of 150 mL every 2.5 km. The blood samples, gas samples, heart rate, core temperature, and subjective measures were conducted every 5 km throughout the exercise. Results Time of TT run completion was slightly shorter (P < 0.05) in the CES trial (97.8 ± 1.6 min) than in the PLA trial (102.4 ± 2.4 min), with no significant differences between the CEPS trial (100.7 ± 2.9 min) and the other two trials (P>0.05). There were no differences in core temperature, blood lactate, heart rate, CHO oxidation rate, fat oxidation rate, CHO oxidation amount, and fat oxidationamount among the different trials (all P>0.05). The average blood glucose was higher in CES trialthan PLA trial (P<0.05). The average respiratory exchange rate was higher in CEPS trial than PLA trial (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with ingesting the PLA, ingesting the 6% CES improves the 21 km TT run performance in recreational female runners. However, no additional benefit of CEPS was observed on endurance performance. Copyright © 2017 中國體育科學學會.