追尋民俗印記：論戴望舒的廣東俗語及小說戲曲研究

本文透過詳細的文本分析和學術史溯源，指出戴望舒淪陷時期的「廣東俗語圖解」和小說戲曲研究的實績和意義，為香港淪陷時期的作家研究填補重要空白。戴望舒以「達士」的筆名撰寫的「廣東俗語圖解」，在1943 年4 月至1945 年8 月發表於《大眾周報》。這一系列解釋歇後語的短文有別於一般同類詞典和著作，戴望舒引用不少古籍、筆記解釋字詞的來源和意義，並為相關風俗、詞彙考據源流和演變，不但在結構、語言和身分意識具備鮮明的特徵，還繼承和發揚二十世紀二十年代中國知識分子以民俗研究探討民族面貌的努力，也承擔保存民族文化的使命，並裨益香港的俗語研究。在1941 年，戴望舒創辦「俗文學」副刊，自覺繼承清末民初的學術範式，並把小說戲曲視為民族遺產；香港淪陷後，他有意循俗語的歷史考據拓展有關研究，並已取得初步實績，作為推動者和研究者，戴望舒在小說戲曲研究方面都有承先啟後的地位。這兩項淪陷時期的工作，表現了戴望舒深刻的民族感情和的學者眼光。
This paper aims at revealing the importance of Dai Wang-Shu’s Pictorial Illustrations of Cantonese Proverbs and his research on classical novels and dramas during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. The series of essays on Cantonese proverbs were published from April 1943 to August 1945 under Dai’s penname DaShi. Different from works and dictionaries explaining the meanings of Cantonese proverbs, Dai explored the historical changes of proverbs and customs by quoting various ancient documents. These essays demonstrate unique stylistic characteristics in structure, language use, and identity consciousness that had not appeared in Dai’s works. The Pictorial Illustrations actually echoed the effort of the intellectuals in 1920s exploring the national character and cultural identity by investigating folklore and also continued the mission of preserving national cultural heritage after Japan occupied Hong Kong. As a database of Guangdong proverbs, Dai’s essays were valuable for related studies in Hong Kong in late 1990s. As for his research on classical novels and dramas, the supplement “Folk Literature” of the Sing Tao Daily that Dai established in 1941 was an important example. He was highly conscious of inheriting the paradigm established by his forerunners in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China like Wang Guo-Wei and Lu Xun. During the Japanese occupation period, Dai tried to explore the boundary of research with his academic vision and had preliminary achievements. Undoubtedly, Dai played an important role as facilitator and researcher in the academic history of classical novels and dramas. With detailed analyses of texts and documents, this paper emphasizes Dai’s status and contributions as an independent scholar. He devoted himself to his beloved country with his belief and faith in the time of bloodshed. Copyright © 2015 國立臺灣大學中國文學系 & 國立臺灣大學出版中心.