論二十世紀初《周易》“經傳分離”說的形成

傳統中國《周易》研究者本於經典的神聖性，或徑以《易傳》解卦爻辭，或徑以卦爻辭釋《易傳》，儼然將經與傳視為一體。期間雖曾有學者質疑，終因違背儒教的神聖性而歸於沉寂。至二十世紀初疑古風潮驟興，主流思潮為之一變。研究者一意將《周易》經、傳的關係切斷，倡“以經觀經，以傳觀傳”，經傳不可互釋，是為“經傳分離”說，成為過去一個世紀以來《周易》研究的金科玉律，絕大部分治《易》者一體凜遵。基於“典範轉移”的理念，並借用顧頡剛“古史層累”之說，二十世紀初《周易》“經傳分離”說的形成可以被重新解構。“經傳分離”說實亦“層累”而成，此學說的集體心理因素一旦隨時空轉移而消失，研究者自可以對此一典範性原則作客觀的反思檢討。
Due to the sacredness of the classics, the traditional researchers of Zhouyi(Book of Changes) either interpret hexagrams and trigrams from Zhouyi, or vice versa, which treats classics and biographies as a whole. During this period, although it had been questioned by some scholars, it maintained its strong influence so as not to violate the authoritiveness of Confucianism. At the beginning of the 20th century, the mainstream of thought changed into the questioning of the ancient history. As a result, researchers intentionally broke off the relationship between classics and biographies of Zhouyi and thus came the theory of "separation of classics and biographies", which became the unbreakable rule for researchers concerned when studying Zhouyi. Based on the concept of "paradigm shift" and Gu Jiegangs theory of "ancient history accumulation", the theory development of the separation of classics and biographies in Zhouyi in the early 20th century can be deconstructed. As a matter of fact, this theory is supposed to result from the "accumulation", in which once the collective psychological factors of this theory disappear with the time and space transfer, researchers can objectively reflect on this exemplary principle. Copyright © 2020 杭州師範大學.