蘇格蘭全納教育：策略、挑戰與啟示

全納教育為特殊兒童創造了更好的教育環境支持。蘇格蘭全納教育通過制定和革新教育法律指導全納教育發展走向，並結合課程改革和資源支持平台建設，全面推動全納教育改革。儘管蘇格蘭全納教育已經建立起比較完善的發展模式和培養體系，但也面臨著“額外教育需求”的認知困惑、缺乏持續的政策保障和監督以及缺失多方機構合作機制三方面挑戰。通過分析蘇格蘭全納教育發展，為我國特殊教育發展提供了一些啟示，包括：轉變教育理念，營造特殊教育發展環境；加強教育立法，完善特殊教育制度保障；多方主體合作，健全特殊教育發展體系；培養專業教師，保障特殊教育教學質量。
Inclusive education has created a better educational environment for students with special needs. Scotland has made effort to prompt inclusive education by enacting new legislation, revising national curriculum and establishing teaching resource platform. However, challenges also arose such as “additional learning needs”, lack of subsequent policy support, and lack of a framework for mult-agents to work together. Through the analysis of the development of inclusive education in Scotland, this study aims to provide some inspirations for special education development in China, including transforming the concept of education to create an environment for the development of special education; strengthening education legislation to improve special education system; encouraging mult-party cooperation to improve special education development; and training professional teachers to ensure the quality of special education. Copyright © 2022 中央教育科學研究所.