蓮花贛語的類定冠詞“個”及其來源

蓮花贛語的“個”可表達典型定冠詞所具有的語用語義功能，只是在句法上並未作為有定標記強制使用，因此可將其看作是一個類定冠詞。類定冠詞“個 [ko⁰]”和指示詞“固[ku³⁵]”並無直接衍生關係，是中古近代漢語指示詞“個”不同演變方向的產物。中古近代漢語時期的指示詞“個”遵循“指示詞 > 定冠詞”的語法化方向在蓮花贛語裡發展為類定冠詞“個”；指名結構“個 + 名”經過指量名結構的強勢類推作用以及語音變化，變成“固[ku³⁵]+ 量 + 名”。
The morpheme ko⁰ in Lianhua Gan can express the pragmatic functions of a typical definite article, but it is not obligatorily used for definiteness-marking. Considering its syntactic and pragmatic properties, ko⁰ can be regarded as a quasi-definite article. The quasi-definite article ko⁰ is not directly derived from the nominal demonstrative ku³⁵. They develop from the demonstrative ge in southern dialects of Middle and Early Modern Chinese along different pathways. The quasi-definite article ko⁰ grammaticalizes from ge following the grammaticalization pathway of “demonstrative > definite article”. The demonstrative structure “ge+N” becomes “ku³⁵+Cl+N” in Lianhua Gan due to the analogy of the dominant structure of “Dem+Cl+N” in Chinese. Copyright © 2019 吳多泰中國語文研究中心.