粵語“V親”的來源和演變模式初探

現代粵語“V親”有兩個語法意義︰一個是“謂詞所引起的一種不如意的感受”；另一個是“每次、每當”。過去對粵語“V親”的研究主要是本體研究，研究粵語的學者往往把“V親”的兩個功能分開來討論，很少研究兩個功能的共同點和來源。我們從歷時和共時的角度出發，分析不同的語料時發現，在19世紀的粵語材料中，“V着”也有相似的表現。另外我們也發現現代粵語次方言白土方言“V啱”的語法表現也跟“V親”相當接近。我們認為現代粵語“V親”、早期粵語“V着”，還有現代白土方言“V啱”都通過類似的認知模式得到同樣的功能。具體來說，它們都是受到漢語“接觸”義動詞“着”的影響所演變出來的語法結構，而“V親”的“親”本身也是源自“接觸”義動詞。
CAN, the cognate of QIN in Mandarin, is used in the form of “V-CAN” in Modern Cantonese to serve two grammatical functions: one is “to express the adversary feeling as a result of the action caused by the verb”; and the other to express “every time”. The linguistic functions of “V-CAN” have been studied by many Cantonese scholars, but little has been studied on the origin and the relationship of the two functions. Taking the diachronic and synchronic approach, we examined the data from various sources. The results show that similar functions can be found in “V-ZOEK” in early Cantonese, “V-ZHAO” in Mandarin and “V-NGAAM” in the Cantonese sub-dialect of Baitu. By combing through the data, it is believed that these verb compounds emerged as a result of language contact with Mandarin, where the early stages of “V-ZHAO” offered a cognitive model to other Chinese dialects. We argue that the Cantonese verb CAN, meaning to approach or contact in early days, evolved into the verb compound “V-CAN” by following the grammaticalization paths of the semantically similar verb in Mandarin. Copyright © 2021 社會科學文獻出版社.