漢語“度量短語+‘的’+名詞”的再分類

本文通過考察漢語"度量短語+‘的’+名詞"表達式的語義和句法特徵，提出該表達式可進一步分為量化類、修飾類和抽象類三個類別，在底層結構中分別投射為名詞短語內部焦點短語FocP、修飾語短語ModP和發生了謂語倒裝的DP。漢語中"的"的句法身份是多元的，它可以是名詞短語內部焦點標記、修飾語標記或一個類似於定冠詞的成分。
This paper investigates the semantic and syntactic properties of the “measure phrase+de+noun” expression in Mandarin Chinese. Under our analysis, this construction is subcategorized into three types: the quantificational type, the modificational type, and the abstract type. In terms of semantics, the quantificational “measure phrase+de+noun" construction quantifies over an entity domain, the modificational type provides restrictive modification for the associated entity type in terms of certain dimensional category (e.g., length, weight, temperature), and the abstract type denotes a well-determined measure result along a dimensional category, which as a whole is semantically akin to a proper name. In addition to the semantic asymmetries, a series of syntactic discrepancies are detected among the three types of "measure phrase+de+noun", with the main distinctions being observed in (i) the (in) compatibility with duoshao (多少) ‘how much much’ or na ‘zhong(哪種) ‘which kind’ questions, (ii) the (non-) licensing of head noun ellipsis and head noun topicalization, (iii) the (non-) accommodation of a preceding demonstrative and another de-marked modifier, and (iv) the (im) possibility of whquestioning the head noun. Based on these, this paper develops a trichotomous analysis to account for the derivation of "measure phrase+de+noun", with the quantificational type, the modificational type,and the abstract type assumed to correlate with a DP-internal Focus Phrase, a Modifier Phrase, and a DP involving predicate inversion in the underlying structure, respectively. The Chinese de performs different functions in different cases, which could be a DP-internal focus marker, a modification marker, or a determiner-like element. Under the present analysis, the observed semantic/syntactic distinctions among the three types of “measure phrase+de+noun” can be well explained. Copyright © 2016 中國社會科學院語言研究所.