泰國留學生漢語語音習得的研究

本研究以泰國留學生漢語聲、韻、調的習得為研究重点，有針對性地設計了三項實驗考察泰國留學生漢語語音習得的重、難點問題。 (1)不同語境下泰國留學生漢語聲調的產出實驗， 從聲學分析的角度對比了不同語境下泰國留學生、 漢語母語學生產出漢語聲調的情況。 結果表明，語境不同，泰國留學生產出漢語聲調的結果不同；音高和時長是影響泰國留學生產出漢語聲調的兩項重要參數； (2)泰國留學生漢語前後鼻音韻母的感知聽辨與產出實驗，從正確率、影響因素、 錯誤類型等層面綜合討論了感知聽辨和產出的關係問題。 結果表明， 韻腹共振峰(純元音和鼻化元音部分)、韻腹韻尾持續時間是影響泰國留學生產出漢語鼻音韻母的重要參數；感知聽辨正確率與產出正確率有顯著的正相關關係， 影響感知聽辨正確率的因素部分同步； (3)泰國留學生漢語平翹舌音的感知聽辨與產出實驗， 綜合討論了感知聽辨正確率和產出正確率的關係問題。 結果表明，泰國留學生感知辨別和產出平-翹組合詞的能力相對較差(c-ch、 c-sh 組正確率最低)；感知聽辨正確率和產出正確率呈正相關關係，但顯著性一般。上述三項實驗能夠從語圖輔助漢語教學、感知和產出對泰國留學生漢語語音的關係影響層面，為線上、線下漢語語音的教與學提供適當參考。

This thesis investigated the production and perception of Chinese as a second language (L2) by Thai learners through experimental studies. Three experiments were conducted, focusing on Chinese tones, finals, and initials, respectively: (1) A production experiment was carried out on the Chinese tones in different contexts by Thai learners, with corresponding data from native Chinese speakers as a reference. The results of the acoustic analyses show that different contexts influence the tone production by Thai learners, and the parameters of pitch and duration show variations across different contexts. (2) The production and perception of Chinese nasal finals (-n VS -ng) by Thai learners and native Chinese speakers were investigated, with discussions on accuracies, influencing factors, and error patterns. The results show that the parameters of formants (F1 and F2) of vowel nucleus, the duration ratio of vowel nucleus and coda are important factors on Thai learners’ production. There are significant positive correlations between the perception and the production data, which indicate the interactions between speech perception and speech production. (3) The production and perception of Chinese retroflex initials (zh, ch, sh) versus alveolar sibilant initials (z, c, s) by Thai learners were studied. A set of disyllabic words composed of these initials are selected as stimuli. The results show that Thai learners find the c-ch and c-sh combinations are the most difficult for them in both production and perception. Speech production and perception also shows a positive correlation in this experiment.

The above three experiments can provide accurate quantitative evidence to investigate speech production and perception of Chinese as a second language by Thai learners. With referential data from native Chinese speakers, the deviations of Thai learners are clearly shown and the follow-up strategies to improve their L2 Chinese acquisition can be proposed. All rights reserved.