正念意識注意量表(MAAS)在運動員群體中的檢驗

本研究的目的是在運動員群體中檢驗中文版本的正念意識注意量表(Mindful Attention Awareness Scale)的信度和效度。438名現役運動員(男196名，女242名)完成了包括MAAS、簡化特質流暢量表、簡式心境狀態量表、訓練和比賽滿意感量表以及運動競賽焦慮測驗在內的5個問卷。其中，22名運動員在1個月後再次完成了MAAS，藉此評估該量表的重測信度。探索性因素分析和驗證性因素分析都表明了MAAS量表是屬於單維度的結構，然而量表中的條目2和條目6存在問題並在隨後的驗證性因素分析中被刪除。經過條目調整至13個的MAAS(中文13-MAAS)內部一致性信度、重測信度以及結構效度都達到了較為理想的標準，同時量表在跨性別和跨年齡組都達到了因素恒等性。校標關聯效度方面，中文13-MAAS量表與訓練比賽滿意感、特質流暢狀態以及心境狀態中的精力和與自我有關的情緒存在顯著的正向關聯，與焦慮以及心境狀態中的緊張、抑鬱、慌亂、憤怒存在顯著的負向關聯。總之，中文13-MAAS可以被看作是評估中國運動員不同正念水準的一個有效和可靠的測量工具。
This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS). Four hundred and thirty eight athletes(196 male, 242 female) were invited to complete following 5 questionnaires:the MAAS, the Training and Competition Well-being Scale, the Sport Competition Anxiety Test, the abbreviated Profile of Mood States, and the Short Dispositional Flow Scale. Twenty-two of the participants repeated the assessment with the MAAS after 1 month to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the MAAS. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a satisfactory uni-dimensional structure. However, there are some problems existed in items 2 and 6 which cause these two items in original MAAS were removed after analysis. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability as well as construct validity of the modified Chinese 13-MAAS were found satisfactory. The factorial invariance was confirmed across gender and age groups. In terms of the criteria-related validity, the modified MAAS was significantly and positively correlated with the subjective well-being of training and competition, trait flow, as well as the vigor andself-related emotion. The Chinese 13-MAAS also revealed a significantly negative association with the anxiety, tension, depression, confusion and anger. In conclusion, the Chinese 13-MAAS is a reliable and valid self-report instrument for assessing mindfulness of Chinese athletes. Copyright © 2013 中國體育科學學會.