智慧學習環境的研究現狀和趨勢：近十年國際期刊論文的內容分析

本文從多個權威的國際電子期刊資料庫搜索到102篇有關智慧學習環境的論文，並採用內容分析法，對近十年來智慧學習環境國際研究現狀進行梳理，探討其未來研究的發展趨勢。研究發現，智慧學習環境已成為全球關注的研究領域，研究主題有鮮明的地域特色;智慧學習環境的結構功能、適應性學習支援的策略及演算法、智慧學習環境的教學策略和案例等是最受關注的研究主題；伴隨著新技術的教育應用，未來教室環境、新技術支持下的創新教學，以及師生對學習環境的體驗等逐漸成為研究熱點；對智慧學習環境在教學性能、學習績效提升、用戶態度和學習體驗等獲得趨於正面的研究結論。研究還發現,自2008年始，伴隨著可擕式移動手持設備的普及，可穿戴電腦技術及傳感技術等創新技術在教育中的應用，智慧學習環境中有關學習活動類型的研究趨幹多樣化和創新性，學習空間的研究趨於開放性和虛擬性，學習交互類型研究趨於多通道化和多層次性，學習體驗研究趨於直觀化和豐富性，學習支持研究趨於個性化和自我調整性。這些變化受到智慧學習環境技術豐富特性的驅動。在新技術支持下，全新的學習空間設計、創新的教學形態、真實的學習體驗、智慧化的學習支持等將成為未來智慧學習環境的研究重點。
Smart Learning Environments(SLE) is the advanced stage of the development of the digital learning environments. Some practices and results showed that in a technology-rich learning environment, it will be easier to stimulate students’ learning motivation, promote students’ active learning behaviors, and achieve good learning performance through giving learners authentic learning experiences and adaptive learning support. This study searched journal articles by hey words including smart classroom, intelligent classroom, future classroom, technology enhanced classroom, technology-rich classroom, smart learning environment, intelligent learning environment, smart learning space, and intelligent learning space. Finally 102 journal articles of SLE were selected from digital databases including ISI web of science, EBSCO host, ERIC, ProQuest, and Scopus for content analysis. The study analyzed the papers as two types of items. One was the basic information of each paper, including its title, publishment date, name of journal, author, the organization of the author. The other was content analysis of the paper, including its research method, research settings, research subjects, research issues, findings, conclusions, hardware devices, software, teaching and learning activities, learning interaction and feedback. Through the review of current researches, the study aimed to find the research trend and the driving force of researches for SLE in the future. The study found that SLE has been a worldwide research area with distinctive regional characteristics in its research issues. The architecture and function for SLE, the strategy and algorithms for adaptive learning support, and the pedagogical model and case study in SLE have been studied the most, and future classroom environment, the innovation of teaching and learning activities with support of information technologies, and the learning experience of teacher and student have become the hot issues. The conclusions of the publications show that the teaching effect, learning performance, user attitude, and learning experience in SLE are positive. The information technologies used in SLE are supporting learners to have a more clear perception of the learning context, to be better informed in interacting with students through multi-channels; and enabling the collection and modeling of learning data. These technologies make the learning environment more flexible and adaptable, as well as enable more effective individual and social learning processes. Almost all the teaching and learning activities like individualized learning, virtual learning, mobile learning, distance learning, game-based learning, and inquiry learning were studied in the selected articles. It indicated that SLE could be adaptive to all the teaching and learning activities. Besides traditional student-teacher, and student-student learning interaction, new interaction like student with authentic learning objects, student with virtual learning peers, as well as student-robot were emerged. It indicated the SLE extended learning interaction and provided new channels for feedback in learning. The study also found that since 2008, accompanying with the popularity application of portable and mobile handheld devices, wearable PCs, and sensor technologies in education, the learning activities in SLE tend to be diversified and innovation, the learning space tend to be open and virtual, the learning interaction tend to be multi-channeled and multi-leveled, the learning experience tend to be hands-on and rich, as well as the learning support for learners tend to be personalized and adaptive. The outcome of the content analysis indicates that these changes were driven by technology rich characteristics in SLE, and with the support of new technologies, the studies towards the future learning space design, the innovative pedagogical mode, and the smart learning support would become the trend of research in SLE in the future. Copyright © 2014 上海市教育委員會.