從語義-語用界面看漢語[數-形-量-名]格式

[數-形-量-名]是現代漢語中的常見表達，要想準確、全面地把握該結構的使用特點，除了句法、語義層面的研究，語義-語用界面的考察也不可或缺。從根本上講，不論所含量詞具體屬于何種類別，[數-形-量-名]中的形容詞在語義上總是指向量詞，其作用是在某一可由視覺直觀感知、且涉及程度差異量級(scale)的外延性物理屬性上，對量詞單位的規格做限定和說明。此處形容詞的允準不單涉及詞匯語義的問題，還會受到具體語境下量詞、名詞語義互動的影響。[數-形-量-名]中形容詞的語義功能與人們對量詞屬性的認知方式，共同決定了[數-形-量-名]在語用層面一定表達主觀評價(subjective evaluation)。
[Num-A-Cl-N] is a frequently used expression in Chinese. For a precise and comprehensive understanding of this construction, there is a need to take into account not only its syntactic/semantic characteristics but also its semantics-pragmatics interface properties. Fundamentally speaking, no matter which particular category the Cl involved falls under, the A in [Num-A-Cl-N] is always semantically associated with the Cl, serving to restrict, specify the extent of the unit denoted by the Cl in terms of a scalar, extensive physical property which is visually sensible. The constraint on the use of the A in [Num-A-Cl-N] is not simply a lexical semantic issue but also has to do with the contextual semantic interaction between the Cl and the N. The semantic function of the A and the manner the Cl is comprehended in speakers’ cognitive system jointly determine that at the pragmatic level [Num-A-Cl-N] necessarily conveys subjective evaluation. Copyright © 2016華中科技大學.