從傳統史觀到現代文學觀的轉化：民國時期關於古代作家的「評傳」和「事蹟考」寫作

五四運動以後，文壇興起了替古代作家撰寫「評傳」和「事蹟考」文章的風潮，這些文章吸收了當時的文學觀、以至社會學的觀點，使其呈現相當「現代化」的寫作方式。例如對傳主戀愛事蹟的關注、以個人主義取代倫理教化為方針等；這些研究成果，許多都寫進了文學史，成為今日我們對這些古代文人的定評。若然追蹤這些「評傳」和「事蹟考」的寫作資源，就會發現國故整理的推動，「人的文學」的鼓吹，戀愛論及廚川白村的譯介熱潮，都對這種文章的寫作產生重大影響。於是，我們便會發現這些「評傳」和「事蹟考」，帶有濃厚的時代色彩，展示作者對於時代與人生的關懷，及對尋求古代文學研究的現代價值之關切；本文或能對現代的文學批評價值的形成，提供有意義的觀察角度。
There was a trend composing "critical biography" and "deeds research" of classical literary writers during Mingguo 民國 period, after the May Fourth Movement. These articles absorbed the literary and sociological point of views of the time, showing some kinds of modern writing style. For example, many articles concern the love stories of the subject of biography and tend to replace Confucian moralization by individualism in their approaches, etc. Some findings are accepted by literary history afterward and become the general judgment to those classical writers. By examining the theoretical resources which those articles had applied, we could find that the "rearrangement of the national heritage." the urge of "human literature," the translation and introduction of western love theories and Kuriyagawa Hakuson's love and literary works, had exerted a significant influence on the writing approach of those articles. Therefore, we could conclude that these "critical biography" and "deeds research" articles are signs of the spirit of the age, showing the concern of writers on the contemporary age and their everyday life, and their discovery of modern values from the research of classical literature. Having a deep understanding on these articles, we are allowed to find new angles to review the values of classical literature and modern literature and the transformation of those values and their relationships. It also provides clues for us to rethink the origin of values in the literary history, and the reason why such values are being emphasized. Copyright © 2018 國立政治大學東亞觀念史集刊編輯部 & Ainosco Press.