建國以來孔子形象的轉變研究：以《孔老二罪惡的一生》及電影《孔子》為例

清末以降，中國屢受西方列強入侵，知識分子開始反思中國文化的利弊。「五四運動」時胡適提出「打倒孔家店，救出孔夫子」的口號，李大釗云︰「非掊擊孔子之本身，乃掊擊孔子為歷代君主所雕塑之偶像的權威也。」新中國成立初期，孔子成為封建落後的代表。不理性的批孔熱潮在文革到達巔峰，也出現很多詆毀孔子的文章和漫畫，蕭甘的連環圖《孔老二罪惡的一生》可謂代表作。改革開放後，孔子的地位逐漸恢復。2009年，中央電視台播放的動畫片《孔子》，製作耗資近五千萬；2010年的電影《孔子》都帶動了國內的「孔子熱」。透過流行文化引導輿論和教育下一代的成效顯著，本文擬以文獻整理方式，研究由《孔老二》到電影《孔子》中，孔子形象的轉變及新詮釋，以及其對文化教育的意義。
Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, China had been repeatedly invaded by Western powers, and intellectuals had begun to reflect on the pros and cons of Chinese culture. During the “May-Fourth Movement”.Hu Shi put forward the slogan “Take down the Confucius store and rescue Confucius.” Li Dazhao said, “Not to criticize Confucius himself, but to criticize for using Confucius as an idol in different dynasties.” In the early stage of New China, Confucius became a representative of the backwardness of feudalism. This wave of criticism of Confucius reached its peak during the Cultural Revolution. Many articles and comics vilified Confucius, such as “The Sinful Life of Confucius”. After the Economic Reform and opening, Confucius’ status gradually recovered. In 2009, the animation “Confucius” broadcasted by CCTV; in 2010, the film “Confucius” drove the “Confucius fever” in China. The effect of guiding public opinion and educating the next generation through popular culture is remarkable. This article intends to study the change and new interpretation of the image of Confucius from “The Sinful Life of Confucius” to the movie “Confucius”, as well as its significance to cultural education. Copyright © 2021 中華書局(香港)有限公司.