廣州市住宅室內外大氣羰基化合物的監測分析

選擇代表性住宅，在其室內、外同步開展大氣羰基化合物的監測分析，準確評價大氣羰基化合物的污染狀況，揭示其來源。用涂覆2，4－硝基苯肼(DNPH)的硅膠采樣管收集羰基化合物，借助高效液相色譜完成樣品分析，共檢測了13種羰基化合物，其中甲醛、乙醛兩種物質的平均濃度最高，佔被測物質總濃度的30%～67%。甲醛、乙醛的濃度，夏季室內平均為53.47μg/m3、17.81μg/m3，室外平均為15.00μg/m3、10.97μg/m3；冬季室內平均為37.97μg/m3、11.49μg/m3，室外平均為10.44μg/m3、8.15μg/m3。大氣羰基化合物呈現夏季高於冬季、室內大於室外的濃度變化規律。甲醛/乙醛和乙醛/丙醛比值結果反映城市大氣羰基化合物的人為污染。
Main objectives of this study were to measure carbonyl compounds simultaneously in indoor and outdoor atmosphere of Guangzhou city, to assess the pollution situation of carbonyls-and to search for the sources of carbonyls. Carbonyls were collected by drawing air through a cartridge impregnated with acidifed 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). 13 kinds of carbonyls (Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acrolein. Acetone. Propionaldehyde, Crotonaldehyde, Methacrolein, 2-Butanone, Butyraldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Valeraldehyde, m-Tolualdehyde and Hexaldehyde) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were found to be the most abundant carbonyl species, accounting for 30%~67% of total carbonyls. Average concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 53.47 μg/m3 and 17.81 μg/m3 for summer indoor environment, 15.00 μg/m3 and 10.97 μg/m3 for summer outdoor environment, 37.97 μg/m3 and 11.49 μg/m3 for winter indoor environment, and 10.44 μg/m3 and 8.15 μg/m3 for winter outdoor environment, respectively. Average concentrations of carbonyls showed obvious variation rules that the concentrations in summer were commonly higher than those in winter, and that indoor concentrations of most of the carbonyls were higher than the outdoors. The ratios of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and the ratios of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were measured, implying urban anthropogenic sources of them. Copyright © 2008 分析科學學報編輯部.