學童欺凌：心理剖析

近年來，學童欺凌事件受到傳媒廣泛報導，深受教育界及社會人士關注。欺凌是指在強弱懸殊的情況下，弱方持續 性地受到強方在身體或心理上的傷害。欺凌行為可以以不同形式出現，包括身體上受攻擊，財物被掠奪，或被嘲 笑、諷刺等。欺凌形式亦會因年齡和性別而不同。本文嘗試從個人因素及群體因素兩方面分析學童欺凌行為的成 因，並說明欺凌他人或受欺凌的行為與兒童的性格和群性認知發展有密切關係。此外，兒童間的互動如非個體化， 和集體思維症候群等亦可能引至欺凌事件發生。最後本文亦嘗試對家長和老師作出一些預防欺凌事件出現的建議。
In recent years, bullying has been a hot issue in local press, drawing the attention of the education sector and community. Bullying is characterized by repetitive nature and power imbalance. The victim is bullied repeatedly because he/she is less physically strong or less psychologically resilient. Bullying may be in different ways, including physical attack, seizure or verbal abuse and may vary with the age and gender of the bully. This paper attempts to examine the individual and social factors of bullying. Bullying may relate to personality and social cognitive development and social phenomena, such as deindividuation and group thinking syndrome. Suggestions on how to prevent bullying are made to parents and teachers. Copyright © 2005 Hong Kong Teachers' Centre.