呼喚特殊體育的循證實踐研究：系統綜述方法及其運用

循證實踐是指全面系統地收集、整理和分析文獻中的最佳證據並為實踐提供參考。系統綜述可為循證實踐提供最佳證據，它的製作方法和意義均不同於一般綜述，它是一種文獻綜合評價方式，並對特殊體育理論和實踐具有重要價值。鑒於系統綜述的價值和我國特殊體育領域鮮有系統綜述報道，旨在圍繞特殊體育對系統綜述研究方法進行介紹,包括兩大部分。第1部分採用文獻法闡述了系統綜述的方法與步驟，包括問題的提出，文獻的檢索和篩選，文獻的質量評價，資料的提取與分析，結果的報道與應用。第2部分，利用案例展示，即應用系統綜述方法對體育鍛煉能否促進唐氏綜合癥群體的肌肉適能這一研究問題進行分析，力求讓讀者更為直觀地瞭解系統綜述的具體操作方法。本案例中，通過文獻檢索共收索到487篇相關文獻，經過篩選後有7篇文章被納入，其中有5篇屬於高質量研究，通過數據分析發現，體育鍛煉干預能夠提高唐氏綜合癥群體的下肢力量，但尚未有充分證據證明體育鍛煉干預能夠改善該群體的下肢肌肉耐力。

Evidence-based practice refers to comprehensively collect, clean and analyze the best evidence from the literature and to provide guidance in practice. Systematic review, a method to comprehensively evaluate the literature but different from the literature review, is of great value to research and practice in adapted physical activity as it provides best evidence for evidence-based practice. Given the significance of the systematic review and scant literature within the field of adapted physical activity in China, this twofold research was to introduce and discuss the use of the systematic review in adapted physical activity. In the first section, specific steps on how to conduct a systematic review were discussed, namely raising a research question, searching and screening literature, abstracting and analyzing data, reporting results and implications. In the second section, the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on muscular strength and endurance among people with Down syndrome was investigated as an example to further illustrate the use of the systematic review. In this example, a total of 487 articles were found through literature search. Seven articles were included and five of which were with high research quality. Data analyses showed that physical exercise interventions increased lower-limb muscular strength in individuals with Down syndrome. There was lack of evidence about the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on improving muscular endurance for this population. Copyright © 2014 天津體育學院.