句法、語義和語用的互動：從“另外”、“其他”與other、another的對比談起

本文從句法、語義和語用的互動出發，比較“另外”和“其他”在名詞性短語中的作用，并將它們與英語的other、another做比較。雖然“另外”和“其他”都指稱集合中一個已知子集以外的成員，但“另外”對指稱對象的單復數沒有限制，指稱方式可以是全括式也可以是非全括式的，整個短語可以是定指也可以是不定指；而“其他”的指稱對象必須為復數，指稱方式一定是全括式的，整個短語表示定指。英語的other、another雖然也可以用來表示集合中已知子集之外的成員，但當用“另外”或“其他”來解釋這些英語詞語時，必須按照相關英語短語的具體意義和用法，有針對性地從中選用一個。
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the syntactic,semantic,and pragmatic properties of lingwai and qitain Chinese nominal phrases, in comparison with other and another in English. It is discovered that albeit both are used to refer to members apart from a given subset of a known set in the context, [lingwai-X] may refer in either an inclusive or a non-inclusive fashion(corresponding to definite and indefinite readings respectively) and imposes no constraints on the number property of the associated referent(s), whereas [qita-X] has to refer to plural entities in an inclusive manner, hence an obligatory definite interpretation. It is further shown that to properly determine the English counterpart of lingwai /qita out of the candidates such as other and another (with both other and another also being used to refer to members in addition to an already mentioned subset in a contextually given set), one needs to take into consideration the particular semantic and syntactic properties of the other /another- contained expression in question. Copyright © 2015 China Academic Electronic Publishing House.