人工智慧背景下的課程與教學範式轉變

當前人工智慧技術已經滲透到了教育領域的諸多方面，並引發了學生學習、課程與教學的系統變革。在人工智慧背景下，深度學習、個性化學習、自適應學習、人機協同學習逐漸成為主流的學習方式，學習方式的變革直接推動了課程與教學範式的轉變。就課程而言，課程的技術性範式越來越突出，藉由人工智慧等技術的幫助，在課程取向上，更加注重不同學科之間的交叉及融合；在課程形態上，開始由靜態、紙質、單一性到動態、在線和網絡化的轉變；在課程內容上，逐漸從一種固定、統一、有限轉向了私人定制、無限和開放；就教學而言，在教學目標上，更加注重學生軟技能(Soft Skills) 和核心素養的培養；在教學方式上，開始聚焦於新技術、新媒介的融合和應用；在教學內容上，轉向了對人工智慧等新興領域的關注和教授；在教學評價上，更加注重評價的過程性、精準性、數據化和個性化，等等。基於人工智慧的時代背景考量，未來的課程與教學宜重點把握以下幾點方向：重點關注可持續發展教育；注重對學生創造力、溝通、合作以及批判性思考等核心素養的培養；著力提升學生的“人工智慧素養”教育；加強全人教育以及課程與教學的人文主義關懷。
At present, artificial intelligence technology has penetrated into many aspects of education, and has triggered a systematic change in student learning, curriculum and teaching. In the context of artificial intelligence, deep learning, personalized learning, adaptive learning, and human-machine collaborative learning have gradually become the mainstream learning methods. The change of learning style has directly promoted the transformation of curriculum and teaching paradigm. As far as the curriculum is concerned, the technical paradigm of the curriculum has become more and more prominent. With the help of artificial intelligence and other technologies, in the orientation of the curriculum, more attention is paid to the intersection and integration of different disciplines; in the form of the curriculum, the transition from static, paper, unity to dynamic, online and networked; In the content of the course, it gradually shifted from a fixed, unified, limited to private customization, unlimited and open; as far as teaching is concerned, in terms of teaching goals, more emphasis is placed on the cultivation of students’ soft skills and core literacy; in the teaching method On the integration and application of new technologies and new media; in teaching content, he turned to the attention and teaching of emerging areas such as artificial intelligence; in teaching evaluation, he paid more attention to the process, accuracy and data of evaluation And personalization, etc. Based on the background of artificial intelligence, the future curriculum and teaching should focus on the following directions: focus on sustainable development education; focus on the cultivation of core literacy such as students’ creativity, communication, cooperation and critical thinking; "Artificial Intelligence Literacy" education; strengthening human education and humanistic care in curriculum and teaching. Copyright © 2020 西北師範大學.