中國競技健美運動員身體成分調查分析

目的：研究我國競技健美運動員身體成分的特點，為我國競技健美運動的發展及增強國民體質提供研究和實踐參考。 方法：採用生物電阻抗法，對參加2004年全國健美錦標賽和全國健身先生、健身小姐大賽的168名運動員進行體成分測試，並按照性別、項目以及參賽級別的不同進行統計分析。 結果：(1) 與成年男子健美組小級別運動員相比，中級別運動員體脂百分比無明顯增加(P>0.05)，但是瘦體重和體液總量明顯增加(P<0.01)；與前兩者相比，大級別運動員體脂百分比、瘦體重以及體液總量均明顯增加(P<0.01)。(2) 健身先生組運動員與成年男子健美組中級別運動員相比，體脂百分比無明顯變化(P>0.05)，但瘦體重和體液總量明顯減小(P<0.01)。(3) 與成年女子健美組小級別運動員相比，大級別運動員和健身小姐組運動員體脂百分比增加不多(P>0.05)，但瘦體重和體液總量明顯增加(P<0.05)。 Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the body composition of Chinese athletic bodybuilders in order to promote bodybuilding and people’s physical fitness. Methods: The body composition of 168 bodybuilders who attended 2004 national bodybuilding tournament and Mister Fitness and Miss Fitness game were detected by bioelectrical impedence analysis(BIA), and data were analyzed according to gender, competition item and weight category. Results: (1) The percentage of body fat(%BF) of male middle-weight bodybuilders was not significantly higher than that of light-weight bodybuilders(P>0.05), but lean body weight(LBW) and total body water(TBW) increased significantly(P<0.01). %BF, LBW and TBW of heavy-weight bodybuilders were significantly higher than that of middle-weight and light-weight bodybuilders(P<0.01). (2)%BF of Mister Fitness had no difference as compared with that of male middle-weight bodybuilders(P>0.05), whereas LBW and TBW decreased significantly(P<0.01). (3) %BF of female heavy-weight bodybuilders and Miss Fitness had no significant difference as compared with that of light-weight bodybuilders(P>0.05), whereas LBW and TBW increased significantly(P<0.01). Copyright © 2006 中國體育科學學會.