中國大陸中學視覺藝術教科書性別意識型態之內容分析

教科書的性別議題不僅受到國際學者關注，近年來亦被中國大陸所重視。教科書會影響教育過程中的性別平等，而偏頗的性別意識型態有悖全人教育的主張，因此有必要檢視其性別意識型態，尤其是以圖像為主的視覺藝術教科書。本文進行有關中國大陸中學視覺藝術教科書的性別意識型態研究，結果發現（1）教科書中藝術家性別及作品比例嚴重失衡，多數中西方女性藝術家被忽略；（2）圖片中人物角色類型的性別刻板印象根深蒂固，女性形象被動和傳統；（3）圖片和文字段落呈現出男性優先和主導的性別觀念，女性被置於次要地位。研究提議教科書編審者應轉變崇尚男性氣質的現代主義觀念，納入性別議題，拓寬教科書的當代社會視野，以實現視覺藝術教科書的性別平等理想。
Textbooks are not only a topic with which only international education scholars are concerned, but it is also a timely topic that interests China education. Textbooks are essential for implementing gender equality, particularly for the Visual Arts textbooks that mainly includes visual images. The bias in gender ideology in the textbooks would hinder students' whole person development. Thus, it is important to critically investigate the gender ideology of textbooks for the sake of gender equality. This paper reports a study on examining the gender ideology in the secondary Visual Arts textbooks of mainland China. The study found that (1) the proportion of male and female artists and their artworks was extremely unbalanced; female artists' achievements were neglected; (2) gender roles in the pictures were stereotypical; female roles were passive and traditional; and (3) the male-first and male-domination concepts were prominent in the pictures and texts, and the textbooks assigned females to the second position. The study suggested that the textbook editors and reviewers change the modernist perspective which promoted masculinity and integrate gender issues in the content to broaden the contemporary social vision in order to achieve gender equality. Copyright © 2019 藝術教育研究期刊顧問委員會 & Ainosco Press.