中國國有企業生產效率的區域差異

借鑒西方經濟地理學中的新區域主義和企業與區域聯繫的關聯式理論框架，對中國國有企業的區域差異進行了實證分析，發現中國的國有部門存在顯著的內部差異。分省看，存在顯著的東西差異和南北差異。華北和東北的國有企業在規模上要遠遠大於華東和華南的國有企業，但是前者的生產效率卻要落後於後者。分地市看，高生產效率的國有企業呈現逐漸向沿海都市經濟區集聚的空間態勢。統計檢驗表明地方化的貿易和非貿易性聯繫是影響國有企業生產效率的區域因素。具體而言：1. 與地方經濟有著較多的生產和市場聯繫的國有企業，受區域外部經濟效應的影響，其生產效率越高；2. 地方勞動力市場的多元化程度有利於國有企業採取靈活的薪酬制度和勞動力管理措施來提高生產效率；3. 與外資企業的非貿易聯繫可以方便國有企業學習和採納行之有效的組織行為和管治結構,並促進其生產效率的提高。

Drawing insights from theories of new regionalism and firm-region nexus in new economic geography, this paper analyzes empirically the regional variation of China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs hereafter). It reveals significant internal differentiation among China's state-owned sectors. Viewed at provincial level, SOEs in North and Northeast China were much larger and bigger than those in East and Southeast China, while their productive efficiency was greatly lagged behind by the latter. It is further found at municipal level that there emerges a trend of spatial concentration of highly productive SOEs toward coastal metropolitan areas. Statistical tests suggest that locally-specific traded and untraded interdependence is an important regional factor affecting the productive efficiency of SOEs. Specifically, SOEs with more local production and market linkages were more likely to benefit from external economies and achieve higher productive efficiency. Higher degree of diversification in local labor market allowed SOEs therein to adopt more flexible methods in labor management which was beneficial to their efficiency improvement. More untraded interdependence with foreign enterprises can facilitate SOEs to learn and adopt effective organizational structure and help them to improve productive efficiency. Copyright © 2008 Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica.