中國主要水域抗生素污染現狀及其生態環境效應研究進展

抗生素濫用所造成的水環境污染問題日益受到人們的重視。本文通過查閱國內外資料，調研了中國特別是上海市的水環境中抗生素的種類及其污染水準，並概述了抗生素對於水生生物及人類的生態毒性效應。結果顯示，黃浦江中污染最嚴重的是磺胺類和四環素類抗生素，長江口含量較高的為磺胺類和氯黴素類，而從整個中國地表水的污染情況來看，最多的是氟喹諾酮類和磺胺類抗生素。養殖業廢水和城市污水是抗生素的最高污染源頭，抗生素進入水體後，不僅會誘導產生抗性基因，還會與其他污染物結合對水生生物和人類產生複雜的複合毒性效應。最後，對抗生素的污染研究方向和生態健康效應進行了展望。
Antibiotic contamination in the aquatic environment has raised extensive concerns in recent years. This review mainly summarized the antibiotic contamination profiles in the main water bodies in China, with a special focus on the Yangtze River. Previous studies show that sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones are the two major antibiotic contarainants in most China water bodies. Sulfonamides and tetracyclines are the two major antibiotic contarainants in Huangpu River, while sulfonamides and chloramphenicols in Yangtze Estuary. Swine wastewater and municipal wastewater are the two major sources of antibiotic contamination. The antibiotic contaminations in aquatic environment induced antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and drug resistant bacteria, and also posed toxicological effects to aquatic organisms and human beings through drinking, bathing, diet and other possible routes. The environmental and human health impacts studies of antibiotic contarainants in aquatic environment was discussed. The combined toxicology study of antibiotic contarainants with other pollutants was also discussed. Copyright © 2014 中國科學院生態環境研究中心.