不容抽去的「政治」：從香港電視劇《火舞黃沙》回望大陸小說《白鹿原》

中國大陸作家陳忠實的長篇歷史小說《白鹿原》（1992）曾獲茅盾文學獎，多位學者主張寫國共鬥爭的「政治」這條線索與其他部分的情節脫節，即使刪掉也不影響小說。此觀點影響深遠，或已成為主流論述。這篇論文想提出不同的觀點：「政治」 不僅和其他部分緊密結合，而且不容抽去，是小說的靈魂。我的論證從兩方面展開：一方面，通過正面剖析小說，論證了《白鹿原》更靠近1950 至 1970 年代的「革命歷史小說」（而非陳思和定位的「新歷史小說」）之傳統，又克服了這種傳統淪為政治傳聲筒的不足；另一方面，香港電視劇《火舞黃沙》（2006）是目前唯一改編《白鹿原》又刪除其「政治」的作品，本文從此側面回望小說，總結這部劇在香港和大陸不同的（不）接受情況，提出少有人發現的政治寓言解讀法。《火舞黃沙》並未真正迴避《白鹿原》的「政治」，雖然其內容從國共鬥爭置換成了陸港關係，但政治寓言解讀法可幫助我們更公允地評價這部劇的價值。從正面和側面的分析來看，《白鹿原》這個故事的「政治」都是不容抽去的靈魂，更令這部歷史小說巧妙地彌合和超越大陸當代文學史上「革命歷史小說」和「新歷史小說」之間人為的對立。
Written by mainland Chinese writer Chen Zhong-shi, White Deer Plain (1992) is an instrumental contemporary Chinese novel which won arguably the most prestigious Chinese novel award “Mao Dun Literature Prize” in 1997. A trenchant academic critique of this novel is that “Politics” (the narrations of the war between Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party before 1949, and one of the novel’s plot lines) is not seamlessly related to the other parts of the story. They contend that the book will be even more outstanding if all narrations of “Politics” were removed. It does not seem an exaggeration to claim that this argument has gained momentum among scholars. This paper, conversely, seeks to problematize this mainstream idea by challenging the neat separation of “Politics” and other parts of the plot. It also suggests that “Politics” is the indispensable soul of this novel. My arguments are twofold: on one hand, this novel has much more to do with the tradition of Historical Novels about Revolutions than it does with New Historical Novels; on the other hand, The Dance of Passion is an uncopyrighted adapted work of this novel, which utilizes allegory as a literary tool to continue to represent “Politics”. Though Mainland-Hong Kong relations replace the details of “Politics”, its core theme is still about “Politics” and evidencing its importance in the novel. Consequently, “Politics” is a mecca for this novel, which even defines its literary status as a model to close the artificial gap between Historical Novels about Revolutions and New Historical Novels. Copyright © 2021 臺北大學中國文學系.