上聲的參照實現與調形認定

聲調格局顯示“低”是普通話上聲唯一的區別特徵，調形不是適用的區別維度，上聲是以多種變體實現的純低調。“低”的語音學特性決定了它的實現需要借助“高”的參照，本文將之定義為“參照實現”。文章分析了有後界、無後界的上聲實現方式，歸納出參照模式下上聲的各種條件變體。並從後位參照的角度解析了連上變調的原理。文章認為，發音是一個連續動程，上聲調形的認定應當包括實現區別特徵的必然方式，而不僅僅是單一的、被割裂的數值點。而聲調實現的單位不僅局限於音節內部，還存在跨音節的實現模式。
Instead of tone contour, the falling tone (“Low”) is the only distinctive phonetic feature of the tone 3 in terms of the tone pattern in Mandarin. Tone 3 is merely a falling tone articulated through nu-merous variations. The phonetic features of the falling tone implies that it can only be articulated with reference to those of the rising tone, which is defined as “reference realization” in this paper. This paper analyzes the realizations of those tone 3 which are either followed by rear boundary or not and summarizes a number of variants of the tone 3 and explains the principle of “tone sandhi” under the “reference” pattern. In conclusion, this paper suggests that pronunciation is a continuous process; and the identification of the contour of the tone 3 should necessarily include a distinctive phonetic feature but not just a single, separated data point. Moreover, the realization of a tone should not be limited to internal syllables but a cross-syllable pattern as well. Copyright © 2017 by author and Hans Publishers Inc.