一個有邊界的全球化城市：1997年後轉變中的香港處境

作為一個全球化城市，香港的處境有點尷尬。這份尷尬源於它有一條邊界，將這個特別行政區跟國內周邊地區分隔開來。這是很多全球化城市毋須面對的困難。在全球城市的文獻中，這個邊界的問題並未有引起太多的注意。究其原因，一種的可能性是，很多國家底下的全球城市，乃存在於一個更廣更寬的國家的框架裡面，城市的行政邊界並非國家的或特殊政治安排的政治邊界，因此行政管理性質的邊界所帶來的束縛，並不明顯。另一種可能性是，有關全球化及全球城市的分析中，有一種強調流動傾向，突顯舊有以國家為單位的制度安排逐漸失效，而新的經濟、文化、社會活動可無拘無束的全球遊走。但現實的情況是邊界依舊發揮作用，不單只會阻礙資源的流通，而且也會因此而產生其它的考慮和行為的邏輯，令這個「區域國家」的想法或期望，並未有轉化為現實經濟地理中的一種狀態。而充份認識到這個落差，對瞭解當前香港社會經濟的處境是相當重要的。本文正是嘗試重新檢視香港在過去三十五年的時間裡，跟華南地區在經濟、社會的不同方面進行整合的狀態與特徵，並從中分析回歸後香港的處境。當然，1997年以來香港社會所面對挑戰來自不同方面，各有不同的特性，不可能單憑某一方面的分析，而掌握到所有問題之所在。不過，話不得說回來，香港作為一個全球城市於其空間佈局上未能有所突破，對它的經濟、社會等方面又確有相當大的影響。本文的目的在於將這個區域整合（又或者應該說是未有真正的整合）的問題提升為一個討論及研究的議題，並認真思考當中對香港的發展的影響。
One of the peculiar features of Hong Kong being a global city is that it has a border. Because of the existence of such a border，it encounters many problems that other global cities would not need to deal with. Indeed，the border issue is not a question that has attracted much attention in the literature on global city. This is partly due to the fact that most global cities operate within a national framework and thus they are relatively free from the constraints imposed by an administrative border of the city. It is also partly due to the fact that the literature on global city carries a hyper-globalist assumption，seeing most of the global cities as unrestrained entities operating in the context of a borderless world. However，in reality，the existence of an administrative boundary does matter. Not only does it regulate the flow of various kinds of activity within and across the border，it also shapes the perspectives and actions of the concerned agents. The so-called region-state envisaged by Kenichi Ohmae has not been realized. To comprehend why this is so is important to our understanding of the current situation of Hong Kong. This paper is an attempt to look at Hong Kong’s integration with South China in the past 35 years. Of course，challenges posed to post-1997 Hong Kong are many and they cannot be reduced to one single source of contradiction. Yet，that said，the fact that Hong Kong is not particularly successful in remaking its spatial configuration is one of the many reasons for her economic and social impasse after the return to China. This paper tries to look at the issue of regional integration，hoping that this will help reflect upon its impacts on Hong Kong. Copyright © 2015 《當代港澳研究》編輯部.